Evaluation of Physio-Chemical Characteristics of Bio Fertilizer Produced from Organic Solid Waste Using Composting Bins

Background: The possibility of converting the organic fraction municipal solid waste to mature compost using composting bin method was studied. Nine distinct treatments were created by combining (MSW) with animal (3:1, 2:1), poultry manure mixed (2:1:1), agricultural (dry leaves), biocont (Trichoderm hazarium), and humic acid. Weekly monitoring temperature, pH, EC, matter (OM percent), C/N ratio performed, macronutrients (N, P, K) measured. Trace elements, including heavy metals (Cd Pb), tested in first final weeks maturity. Results: Temperatures days reached thermophilic phase MSW between 55–60 °C, pH EC (mS/cm) increased during period most treatments. Overall, percent) decreased (10.27 18.9) as result microbial activity composting. Organic loss percent less containing additives (biocont l acid) well treatment. Composting animals showed higher K P at stage an increase micronutrients. Finally (2.25–4.20) mg/kg (139–202) for Cd Pb respectively maturation stage. Conclusion: Therefore, results suggested that could be composted manure. physio-chemical parameters Ec within acceptable standards. Heavy micronutrients under limits USA significance this study is may used a quick check guarantee outputs long-term public projects fulfill general sustainability requirements, ecosystem services, mitigate effect disposal on climate change particularly hot regions.